Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment - Coursework Example A three-step test was established to determine whether Meiorin encountered direct discrimination or adverse effects of discrimination in her lay-off. The test is designed that determine if on balance of probabilities, prima facie discriminatory is a bona fide occupational requirement (Catano, 2010). First, the arbitrator must have established that aerobic standard is rationally connected to job performance. In this case, the research conducted in establishing the aerobic standards were not substantive since they were descriptive and failed to distinguish between male subjects and female subject (Catano, 2010). Second, the arbitrator should have established that the forest service established the aerobic standard in honest and good faith and was essential for the performance of the job. The government honesty in establishing the standard is not disputed since there was no intention to discriminate Ms Meiorin (Catano, 2010). Third, the arbitrator should have established if the standard is reasonably necessary for the accomplishment of the work-related purposes. This means that it will be impossible to accommodate any individual employee sharing similar characteristics as Meiorin without imposing unnecessary hardship to the forest service (Catano, 2010). In this case, the arbitrator should have established that Meiorin posed significant safety risks to herself and the public. In Meiorin, it is clear that she could have performed her duties efficiently without posing significant risks to herself or the public even without meeting the aerobic standard 9 Catano, 2010). The Supreme Court observed that individual testing of Ms Meiorin did not constitute discrimination, but the government had failed in establishing that the aerobic standard is a minimal requirement to efficiently perform the duties of a firefighter. Aerobic discrimination was a prima facie discrimination and Ms

Women and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women and development - Essay Example This is mostly the case in African countries and countries of the Middle East. Unlike their American counterparts, most women in African countries and the Middle East face difficulties and are subjected to victimization by men. This paper seeks to compare women’s economic conditions in an undeveloped society in Africa with the conditions in America. Some of the aspects that the paper will explore include education, economic conditions, family structure, as well as health. In addition, the paper will give an explanation of the factors that contribute to the differences between the two cultures. There exist differences between the levels of women empowerment in both the United States and Africa. The economic conditions of women in most African countries are based on involvement in agriculture. In sub-Saharan Africa, for example, the involvement of women in the economic activities is based on informal labor. Women in sub-Saharan Africa can be regarded as guardians to their childr en and are the sole providers of the children’s material needs. Women are expected to cater for their children in terms of food, health needs, as well as education needs. This burdens women, and they cannot be said to have benefitted from the numerous advancements in technology with regard to the improvement in machinery used in agriculture (Nallari, 2012). On the other hand, women in the American society can pride themselves of improved economic conditions. For example, in the United States, women economic conditions can be termed as better than the economic conditions of women in Sub-Saharan Africa. American women have an opportunity to gain employment in formal work settings where they receive competitive salaries, just like their male colleagues. American women do not have to bear the burden of child rearing since they have high salaries, which they can use to cater for all the needs of their children. This explains why women play a key role in the economic development of America. Compared to women in Sub-Saharan Africa, American women do not experience poverty. Women from sub-Saharan Africa are subjected to poverty since their ascension up the social ladder is hindered by men. Sub-Saharan Africa women have to do household chores and also engage in meaningful employment in order to provide for their families (Thompson, 2013). In terms of education, women do not get equal opportunities like men in Sub-Saharan Africa, and this has hindered women from career advancement. While the boy child is highly regarded, the girl child is only allowed to gain basic education and their efforts to get higher education are threatened by men. For example, few women have outstanding academic credentials since they cannot access university education (Fallon, 2008). On the contrary, women in America have an opportunity to study with a lot of ease and get as many academic degrees as they want. This is an advantage to women since with academic credentials they can gain em ployment in reputable organizations and improve their status (Thompson, 2013). With little education, women cannot take advantage of numerous job opportunities that present themselves as compared to men. Since high income jobs are a preserve of the well educated, the governments in Sub-Saharan Africa have to the realization that women should also be accorded equal education rights with men. In the recent past, women empowerment has taken center stage in Sub-Saharan Africa as a result of which the society has been challenged to educate the girl child. Consequently, the girl child has started experiencing success in life since education is a regarded as key to a better life in the contemporary world (Mikell,

How a good team working ethos

How a good team working ethos How A Good Team Working Ethos On A Project Can Be Developed With Particular Reference To Equality At Work Introduction And Executive Summary This report is intended to explain how we, as a company, will develop a good team working ethos on a project, with particular reference to equality at work. This report has been prepared on request of the client as part of the prequalification exercise and outlines our proposals, and informs of any legal obligations and relevant legislation that the client should be made aware of. A good team working ethos equates to a positive characteristic attitude of a group of people towards what constitutes moral working practice.   Achieving equality at work will involve all persons associated with an organisation being considered on a par with one another, by themselves and others. As a company we are a well established leading provider of project management services, with an excellent track record for successfully managing a range of exciting projects, all of which which ha haveve satisfied all of our clients needs.   Our diversified team of staff is comprised of extensively qualified full-time and part-time project managers from a variety of backgrounds.   Our project managers are all provided with continuing professional development training, equipping them all with highly developed communication, consultation and conflict resolution skills.   Every member of our team are required to undergo extensive internal training so that they fully understand our company ethos.   The main principles of our company ethos include: complying with the laws enforced wherever we operate , and to be sensitive to local customs and traditions; to conduct all our business and make all our decisions within a clear ethical framework; to maintain safe and healthy working environments; to create, develop and sustain strong and long lasting relationships with our clients; to achieve a thorough understanding of our clients aims and needs; to contribute positively to the communities in which we work; and to operate sus tainably in all that we do. Every member of our team is also required to undergo extensive internal training so that they fully understand our equal opportunities policy.   The main principles of our equal opportunities policy include: creating a safe, healthy, challenging, rewarding, participative and fair working environment for all our staff; and ensuring the utilisation of the full talents and skills of all our staff through effective selection, training and development. The purpose of this policy is to provide a framework within which our services can be provided in a fair, appropriate manner to meet the needs of our team and clients, and meet our legal obligations in relation to all forms of discrimination. As a company we are devoted to ensuring that our clients receive a professionally delivered service that satisfies all of their needs.   As a part of our service we are primarily concerned with keeping the clients best interests in mind and safe guarding them from any legal implications.   All of our staff are familiar with and have a current knowledge of all aspects of relevant legislative documentation related to the working environment.   Legislation that all of our clients should be aware of includes:   Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 Workplace (Health, Safety Welfare) Regulations 1992 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 Disability Discrimination Act 2005 The Sex Discrimination Act (Gender Reassignment) Regulations 1999 Race Relations Act 1976 Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003 Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 We are recognised as an Investor in People organisation, and so fully comply with all aspects of the Investors in People framework. The framework set out by Investors in People UK addresses health and well being, equality and diversity in the workplace and literacy, language and numeracy.   All of our staff are familiar with every aspect of the Investors in People framework and are accustomed to sharing their knowledge of the subject with clients and other professionals, in an effort to create a fair and agreeable environment in which to work and to improve business performance.   To get the best work out of our employees and to maintain a good team working ethos our staff are trained, when working in a team leader capacity, to follow team members advice, listen to their suggestions and grant reasonable requests; provide motivation to members of the team and eliminate issues that are slowing the team down; remind team members of their roles and encourage them to share skills; regularly remind team members of the project goals and keep them up to date with the progress of the project; and to hold regular meetings to evaluate the overall team performance. To ensure effective teamwork on projects our staff are also trained, when working as part of a team, to invest trust in other members of the team, engage in healthy conflict, commit themselves to project based tasks, hold themselves and one another accountable, focus on collective results, regularly engage in communication, and maintain moral and ethical conduct at all times. As a company we believe that everyone has the right to be treated fairly and equally at work and be free of discrimination in employment.   All of our staff, regardless of employment status, are subject to extensive training to educate them about their rights as employees and the rights of their colleagues.   As employers we are committed to protecting people from unequal treatment in recruitment and job advertising, pay and benefits, terms and conditions at work, promotion and training, dismissal, redundancy and retirement. As a company we endeavour to ensure that we deliver a good team working ethos on all projects we undertake, with particular attention paid to ensuring equality at work.   Should we be successful in our tender, we assure you that we will do everything within our power to ensure that the experience and continued working experience of working with yourselves is an enjoyable and prosperous one. 1 .0  Ã‚   Introduction This report is intended to explain how we, as a company, will develop a good team working ethos on a project, with particular reference to equality at work. This report has been prepared on request of the client as part of the prequalification exercise and outlines our proposals, and informs of any legal obligations and relevant legislation that the client should be made aware of. A Good Team Working Ethos With Particular Reference To Equality At Work An ethic, by definition (MSN Encarta Dictionary, 2009)[1], is a system of moral standards or principles†, which is derived from the word ethos, which is in turn the fundamental and distinctive character of a group, social context, or period of time, typically expressed in attitudes, habits and beliefs† (MSN Encarta Dictionary,2009)[1]. This suggests that a good team working ethos will equate to a positive characteristic attitude of a group of people towards what constitutes moral working practice.   Good team working ethos requires the individuals within tha t team to have the same level of ethical standards. Equality, by definition (MSN Encarta Dictionary, 2009)[1], is having rights, treatment, quantity or value equal to all others in a specific group†.   This suggests that achieving equality at work will involve all persons associated with an organisation being considered on a par with one another, by themselves and others. Company Profile As a company we are a well established leading provider of project management services with an excellent track record for successfully managing a range of exciting projects, which have satisfied all of our clients needs.   Our diversified team of staff is comprised of extensively qualified full-time and part-time project managers from a variety of backgrounds, all possessing unique and invaluable skills. Our project managers are all provided with continuing professional development training, equipping them all with strongly developed communication, consultation and conflict resolution skills, enabling the company to continue to grow in business and reputation. Every member of our team is required to undergo extensive internal training so that they fully understand our company ethos. The main principles of our company ethos include: complying with the laws enforced wherever we operate, and to be sensitive to local customs and traditions; to conduct all our business and make all our decisions within a clear ethical framework; to maintain safe and healthy working environments, operating safe systems and methods of work and ensuring the safety of members of the public; to create, develop and sustain strong and long lasting relationships with our clients; to achieve a thorough understanding of our clients aims and needs in order to ensure that we satisfy them; to contribute positively to the communities in which we work; and to operate sustainability in all that we do so as to avoid compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Every member of our team is also required to undergo extensive internal training so that they fully understand our equal opportunities policy. The main principles of our equal opportunities policy include: creating a safe, healthy, challenging, rewarding, participative and fair working environment for all our staff; and ensuring the utilisation of the full talents and skills of all our staff through effective selection, training and development. The purpose of this policy is to provide a framework within which our services can be provided in a fair, appropriate manner to meet the needs of our team and clients, and meet our legal obligations in relation to gender, marital status, pregnancy, physical status or disability, gender reassignment, race, colour, ethnic origin, nationality, religious belief, sexual orientation, age and employment status.   Legislation As a company we are devoted to ensuring that our clients receive a professionally delivered service that satisfies all of their needs. As a part of our service all of our staff are also trained to keep the clients best interests in mind for the entire duration of projects, and as a company we are primarily concerned with safe guarding the client from any legal implications.   All of our staff are regularly provided with training to ensure that they are familiar with and have a current knowledge of all aspects of relevant legislative documentation related to the working environment and can impart this information to the client where applicable on a project.   Legislation that all of our clients should be aware of, with reference to health and safety, equality at work and discrimination, includes:   Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 Also referred to as HASAW or HSW. It is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in the United Kingdom.   It is an act that makes further provision for securing the health, safety and welfare of persons at work, for controlling the keeping, use and preventing the unlawful acquisition, possession of and use of dangerous substances, and for controlling certain emissions into the atmosphere (source, date). Workplace (Health, Safety Welfare) Regulations 1992 Regulations which impose requirements with respect to the health, safety and welfare of persons in a workplace.   These regulations are imposed upon employers and persons who have, to any extent, control of a workplace. These regulations impose requirements with respect to maintenance, ventilation, indoor temperatures, lighting, cleanliness, suitable working areas, protection from falling objects, the provision of suitable sanitary conveniences, the provision of suitable washing facilities, the provision of a supply of drinking water and suitable drinking vessels, the provision of suitable accommodation for clothing and of facilities for changing clothing, and the provision of suitable facilities for rest and to eat meals(source, date). The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Regulations which re-enact the Workplace (Health, Safety Welfare) Regulations 1992, with the addition of new regulations relating to occupational health and safety in the United Kingdom(source, date). Sex Discrimination Act 1975 An act which makes it unlawful to discriminate against employees, job seekers, trainees and any other bodies on the grounds of gender.   The act makes unlawful, direct and indirect discrimination against women, sex discrimination against men, discrimination on the grounds of gender reassignment and direct and indirect discrimination against married persons in the employment field(source, date).  Ã‚   Disability Discrimination Act 1995 An act which makes it unlawful to discriminate against disabled persons in connection with employment, the provision of goods, facilities and services, or the disposal or management of premises.   The act addresses the duty of the employer to make provisions, adjustments and alterations to accommodate disabled persons and the duty of the providers of services to make adjustments to accommodate disabled persons(source, date). Disability Discrimination Act 2005 An act to amend the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, which makes it unlawful to discriminate against disabled persons in connection with employment, the provision of goods, facilities and services, or the disposal or management of premises(source, date). The Sex Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) Regulations 1999 Regulations which extend the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, which makes it unlawful to discriminate against employees, job seekers, trainees and any other bodies on the grounds of gender(source, date). Race Relations Act 1976 An act which makes it unlawful to discriminate against employees, job seekers, trainees and any other bodies on the grounds of race and relations between people of different racial groups(source, date).      Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003 Regulations which make it unlawful to discriminate against employees, job seekers, trainees and any other bodies on the grounds of religion and belief. These regulations make unlawful direct and indirect discrimination, victimisation and harassment on the grounds of any religion, religious belief, or similar philosophical belief(source, date).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 Regulations which make it unlawful to discriminate against employees, job seekers, trainees and any other bodies on the grounds of sexual orientation.   These regulations make unlawful direct and indirect discrimination, victimisation and harassment on the grounds of sexual orientation towards persons of the same sex, persons of the opposite sex, or to both persons of the same sex and opposite sex(source, date). Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 Regulations which make it unlawful to discriminate against employees, job seekers, trainees and any other bodies on the grounds of age.   The regulations cover workers of all ages, young and old, in all types of employment and vocational training, and include access to help and guidance, promotion, development, redundancy, perks and pay(source, date).   How A Good Team Working Ethos Will Be Achieved Teams According to Pryke and Smith (2006) teams are defined as : Groups of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose and hold themselves mutually accountable for its achievement.   Ideally, they develop a distinct identity and work together in a co-ordinated and mutually supportive way to fulfil their goal or purpose†.† (Pryke and Smyth, 2006)[2] As a company we are recognised as an Investor in People organisation, and so fully comply with all aspects of the Investors in People framework.   The framework set out by Investors in People UK addresses health and well being, equality and diversity in the workplace and literacy, language and numeracy.   The health and well being aspect of the framework looks at increasing productivity by improving workplace health and is intended to improve loyalty and advocacy, morale costs, staff retention productivity, and quality and customer satisfaction, whilst reducing staff turnover, absence rates, agency cover costs, health insurance, litigation costs and recruitment costs.   The equality and diversity in the workplace aspect of the framework emphasises that treating people equally is essential to being an effective organisation and focuses on equality of opportunity, the culture of the organisation, recruitment and selection, and how an organisation promotes and values equality and diversity.   The literacy, language and numeracy aspect of the framework encourages the reviewing of literacy, language and numeracy skills within organisations and provides a structure for implementing literacy, language and numeracy programmes in order to help employees work to the best of their abilities and give them the confidence to go for promotions, take up additional training opportunities, participate fully in the workplace, reduce costly mistakes, keep up with change and understand health and safety.   All of our staff are familiar with every aspect of the Investors in People framework and are accustomed to sharing their knowledge of the subject with clients and other professionals, in an effort to create a fair and agreeable environment in which to work, and to improve business performance.   To get the best work out of our employees and to maintain a good team working ethos our staff are trained, when working in a team leader capacity, to follow team members advice, listen to their suggestions and grant reasonable requests, resulting in improved morale and happiness of the people in the team; provide motivation to members of the team and eliminate issues that are slowing the team down, resulting in improved quality and efficiency of their work; remind team members of their roles and encourage team members to share skills, resulting in protecting people from bureaucracy and carrying out needless tasks, whilst simultaneously helping the team to work smarter and learn new skills; regularly remind team members of the project goals and keep them up to date with the progress of the project, resulting in increased chances of the project being completed on schedule, and creating a sense of unity between the members of the team; and to hold regular meetings to evaluate the overal l team performance, resulting in the elimination of behaviour which is detrimental to the project or the team and giving the team members a sense of belonging. To ensure effective teamwork on projects our staff are also trained, when working as part of a team, to invest trust in other members of the team, engage in healthy conflict resulting in the resolution of complex issues, commit themselves to project based tasks, hold themselves and one another accountable for achievements and shortcomings, focus on collective results, regularly engage in communication with other members of the team, and maintain moral and ethical conduct at all times.   How Equality At Work Will Be Achievedachieved According to the Equalities Review, in their fairness and freedom report (Fairness and Freedom: The Final Report of the Equalities Review, 2007), An equal society protects and promotes equal, real freedom and substantive opportunity to live in the ways people value and would choose, so that everyone can flourish.† and An equal society recognises peoples different needs, situations and goals and removes the barriers that limit what people can do and can be.† As a company we believe that everyone has the right to be treated fairly and equally at work and be free of discrimination in employment.   All of our staff, regardless of employment status, are subject to extensive training to educate them about their rights as employees and the rights of their colleagues, to ensure that none of our employees or the people that they come into contact with whilst working on a project, are subject to any form of discrimination, harassment or unfair treatment.   As employers we are committed to protecting people from unequal treatment in job recruitment and job advertising, pay and benefits, terms and conditions at work, promotion and training, dismissal, redundancy and retirement.      Conclusion As a company we endeavour to ensure that we deliver a good team working ethos on all projects we undertake, with particular attention paid to ensuring equality at work.   Should we be successful in our tender, we assure you that we will do everything within our power to ensure that the experience and continued working experience of working with yourselves is an enjoyable and prosperous one.

Kandinsky and Diebenkorn Artists :: essays research papers

Wassily Kandinsky was one of the best-known abstract painters and one of the most influential artists of his generation. He was born in Moscow, Russia on December 4th, 1866. From 1886-92, he studied law and economics at the University of Moscow. Kandinsky declined a teaching position in order to study art in Munich, Russia with Anton Azbe from 1897 to 1899 and at the Kunstakademie with Franz von Stuck in 1900. He died in a suburb of Paris on December 13th, 1944. Born on April 22nd, 1922 in Portland, Oregon, Richard Diebenkorn became a leading Abstract Expressionist. He enrolled at Stanford University in 1940. At first, he painted in a style influenced by Edward Hopper but by the late 1940s and early 1950s he began living and working in various places. Soon he developed his own style of Abstract Expressionist painting. Diebenkorn became an important figurative painter in the mid-1950s but returned to abstraction in 1967 in a geometric style. He died on March 30th, 1993. The work of Kandinsky and Diebenkorn were similar and different in many ways. Both artists used at least some geometric figures in their paintings, unique colors and unique patterns. Kandinsky used brighter colors and a greater variety of them. Although Diebenkorn?s colors were unique, they were kind of dull and there wasn?t as much of a variety. Also, Dibenkorn?s art was fairly simple compared to Kandinsky. Kandinsky filled the paper with many different shapes, scattered everywhere but Diebenkorn just stuck to rectangular and triangular figures mostly and rarely used circular figures. Kandinsky mostly used a bright variety of colors in his works. His art was based mainly on different kinds of shapes but usually contained lines. In some of his paintings, the texture is smooth like in ?Blue Painting?, but in others it is a bit rough like in ?Color Studies.? Kandinsky?s paintings made up only of shapes have their objects cluttered together with only a few objects by themselves. These shapes include triangles, circles, squares, rectangles, and everything in between. The colors in his art works help unite the pieces and bring it all together by fading and such in certain aspects. In a lot of Kandinsky?s paintings, there really isn?t anything that is dominant because there are so many pieces and unique objects.

I’m the King of the Castle †with close references to the text discuss the relevance of the novel’s title Essay

â€Å"I’m the King of the Castle†: with close references to the text discuss the relevance of the novel’s title. This novel tells the story of two boys who, basically, are at war with each other. At first, it is hard to understand what the point in them being at war is. There seems to be no special prize for the winner, and it is hard to find any goal which they are aiming to achieve. However, what is evident , is that there is a strong drive to war behind one of the boys, and this rubs off on to the other boy has he tries to counteract. ‘I’m the king of the castle†¦ and your the dirty rascal’ This is well known children’s playground saying. It is said by a child who finds himself in a position, where he perceives himself standing higher, than any other child around him. This saying is usually just passed off as a bit of child play. However, I believe that it illustrates a natural instinct amongst humans. And, as a dominating theme of this novel is human instinct, we can see that there is a relevance to the title. The human instincts that are illustrated are, the desire to have their own home and space, where they are free to do what they like, and also to acquire territory. If you take a look at almost any history text book, you will see that wars dominate. The whole of human history is riddled with wars. Wars have become landmarks in the history of civilised human society. All these wars, all these lives lost, stem from one thing, the instinct among humans to acquire territory and the instinct among humans to defend and not to back down. Not to back down, from invaders, persecution or oppression. Susan Hill demonstrates this in her characters, Kingshaw and Hooper , in ‘I’m the king of the Castle’. At first we read about Hooper. We read about his family history, and about Warings, a house which is part of the Hooper family history. Hooper didn’t think much of the house physically. â€Å"It was an ordinary house, he thought†. However, we go on to learn that there were aspects which he did like. â€Å"the idea it was his, the idea of family history, pleased him† This statement reflects a lot about Hooper. It shows that he likes owning things, he may like the feeling of being superior, ruling over places, having his own home, his own territory. This is shown , in his reaction , when he learns that Kingshaw is coming to stay. † ‘It is my house’, he thought , ‘†¦I got here first’ † . Hooper’s territorial instincts are revealed, when he immediately resists the idea of Kingshaw coming to stay in his house and shows a dislike for him , even though he has not met him- thus starting a conflict situation from the beginning, a typical human reaction. Hooper views Kingshaw as a threat- a person who could take from him. Kingshaw finds a piece of paper, upon which was written in bold capital letters . â€Å"I DIDN’T WANT YOU TO COME HERE â€Å". From here on , Hopper treats Kingshaw with disdain and resentment. We learn that Hooper confronts his unwanted guest , ‘Hooper said, † why have you come here?† ‘ By saying this Hooper strongly suggests to Kingshaw that he is not wanted . Not only did he treat Kingshaw as an intruder into his house, Hooper also wanted to assert a superior position as the king of his castle . â€Å"‘When my father dies,’†¦ ‘this house will belong to me, I shall be master'† The statements by Hooper to Kingshaw shows an clear relevance to the title of the book because effectively, Hooper is saying â€Å"I’m the king of the castle†. ‘I’m the king of the castle ,your the dirty rascal’ this is also a game played by children. Hooper , sometimes seems as though he is playing games with Kingshaw, almost like he is using him as a toy, or scoring points every time Kingshaw is made to feel bad by him. He tries to find different ways of insulting Kingshaw, putting him down, scaring him, putting him in situations he doesn’t like, and generally making his life unpleasant. We see a number of examples in which Hooper succeeds in doing this. In Chapter X we read about how Hooper alleges to Joseph Hooper, Hooper’s father, and Kingshaw’s mother, Helena Kingshaw, that Kingshaw was to blame for his injury. Hooper claimed that Kingshaw pushed him while they were in the woods together. â€Å"It was Kingshaw, it was Kingshaw, he pushed me in the water.† This is in fact completely untrue. His bruised head was caused by an accident on his part. By saying this, Hooper is trying to make Kingshaw feel unwanted. This is one example of the tactics he uses in the game he is playing with Hooper. An other example of how Hooper scores points over Kingshaw, is by making him feel inferior. This is done right throughout the book. In Chapter VI, Hooper talks about Kingshaw’s mother , as a servant to Hooper’s father, that Kingshaw is simply the son of someone who works for his father. He even says â€Å"she [Kingshaw’s mother] has to do what my father says, and that means you have to do what I say† That would either make Kinshaw angry, or feel inferior, probably a bit of both. Hooper would definitely have felt that he had got one over Kingshaw in any case. The title , is also relevant because we also know that Hooper behaviour reveals his concept of territory and possession is strong. He expects to succeed to his fathers house , after his fathers death, and as owner of the house, he will expect to be obeyed and that people will do as he says. Hooper also enjoyed drawing up plans for battles to defend his territory, for example, we learn that in Hoppers bedroom , † ‘ the battle charts with its coloured pins and flags and symbols , was propped up on its easel. On the table were Hooper’s long lists of regiments..,† ‘. We are reminded again that ownership of property , makes people like Hooper feel important, like a king in his castle, ready to defend at a moments notice. Conflicts and wars often start with fights by kings over the ownership of castles and territory . In conclusion the title of the book , remained relevant throughout the story ,through to the end , when Hooper eventually got the better of Kingshaw , who in the end took his own life. Even then Hooper saw this incident as a triumph, just as a king in his castle might do , if he had won a victorious struggle. We read that Hooper discovers Kingshaw had died , and then † ‘ Hooper thought suddenly , it is because of me , and a spurt of triumph went through him† ‘.

The Effect of Globalization on the Chinese Economy

Running head: ASSIGNMENT 1 Assignment 1 – The Effect of Globalization on The Chinese Economy Pilar R. Reyes Dr. Z. Judith Mushipe EDL 805-304 – Strategic Management of Global Change Saint Thomas University February 24, 2013 Globalization has early roots when   when humans first settled into different parts of the globe. Globalization, however, has shown a solid and quick progress in modern times and has become an international force which, due to technological advancements, has increased in speed and scale, so that nearly all countries across the globe have been affected and engaged.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of globalization in the economic growth of China, an emergent and developing nation. Globalization is â€Å"the increase in international exchange, including trade in goods and services as well as engage of money, ideas, and information† (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, & McNamara, 2012). Further, globalization is defined as â€Å"the growing similarity of laws, rules, norms, values, and ideas across countries† (Dess et al. 2013). In short, globalization is the progressive incorporation of national economies through the breaking down of global trade barriers. In many ways, China represents an idyllic model of an economy that has been impacted and has taken total advantage of the opportunities offered by globalization. In little over a quarter of a decade, this immense country has emerged from the rim of economic insignificance to lead the world in respect of economic growth.China has was able to do so by joining the World Trade Organization, implementing responsible government policy, attracting foreign direct investment, and developing vast export-oriented industries. Near the beginning 1980's, China's economy was very fragile due to its inward looking government system of a socialist planned economy under the Mao government. Living standards were below world averages, and there was barely any economic growth. Al so, there was no inflation due to no extent in growth and unemployment rates were incredibly low.Since opening up to globalization under the Deng XiaoPing government in 1978, through adopting the ‘open door' policy with an outward looking government system, China's system gradually transformed to a socialist market economy, establishing Special Economic Zones in the Southern coastal provinces, opening up to trade with world economies. With the globalizing Chinese economy in transition, impacting substantially on a growing unemployment rate since the 1980s to estimated 9% in urban areas while rural is estimated to be as high as 30% in 2003, while the economy has moved into inflation of 3. % (Nolan, 2004). However, the impact of globalization has improved living standards dramatically, with annual per capita disposable incomes of US$993 in 2003 compared to 1978 of US$299, with a extraordinary growth in the Chinese real GDP (US$1. 4 trillion in 2004) at an average of 9. 5% annual ly and gaining US$1200 billion in 2003 from exports with a rise of 7% per annum for the past decade, has placed China as the sixth-largest economy and the fourth biggest exporter in the world (Nolan, 2004).China's Communist Party has put into practice responsible government policies and long-term strategic planning of slowly opening itself to the integration of the world, has ensured political stability gaining rapid growth, surviving the 1989 Tiananmen Square rebellion, the 1997 Asian crisis and last year's SARS virus without making concessions to democracy, whereas socialist regimes around the world have dissolved. However, China is in good hands as the future seems to be prosperous as Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, predicts that by 2040 China will overtake America as the world's leading economy (Amsden, 2004).Not to my surprise, the results of China's recent affluence have not been shared equally amongst the nation's 1. 3 billion citizens. A noticeable and growing disparity i n the annual per capita disposable incomes of urban communities and rural communities, currently 7703 Yuan (US$993) respectively 2476 Yuan (US$299) (Nolan, 2004). This is due to the impact of globalization, directing 97% of foreign direct investment (FDI) along coastal cities allowing coastal communities to boom while inland rural communities are languishing, with 800 million people left behind by the current growth.Clearly, the economic globalization of China has affected its environment as well. The unrestricted Chinese economic growth has caused the loss of biodiversity, deforestation, desertification, persistent organic pollutants and environmental degradation bringing with it serious air, water and soil degradation throughout the country Air pollution from manmade greenhouse gases is an immense concern for major economic cities of China, causing health issues.Also, since the 1980's the population increased by 200 million, despite a ‘one child policy' implemented by the go vernment, coupled with the increased level of economic activity, this has placed a huge strain on China's infrastructure, with growing housing shortages and traffic congestion (Amsden, 2004). The government has committed to improving infrastructure, but this will inevitably be at the cost of the environment.Much of China's recent economic success from globalization can be credited to responsible government policy and long-term strategic planning. Over the past quarter of century, the economy has gone through a period of drastic structural reform, designed to increase efficiency and competitiveness. A number of state owned enterprises of key sectors have been deregulated, with an increase in private enterprises, competition policies have been introduced and the tax system has been overhauled.China's WTO membership in 2001 has also resulted in the dismantling of many protective trade barriers, such as the gradual phasing out of tariffs, which now averages 12% (Amsden, 2004). Through g lobalization, China has experienced a fluctuating inflationary status from inflation in 1993 of 14. 7% to deflation in 2002 of 0. 8% and now inflation of 3. 4% (Amsden, 2004). Although overall prices have been steady of falling over the past seven years, recently food prices has relatively shot up by 9. 7%, due to flooding of agricultural areas in 2003 (Nolan, 2004).The government is working closely with the central bank and state banks of China, placing new taxes on savings and has lowered interest rates down to 2% thus to influence an increase in aggregate spending to hop out of the liquidity trap, switching deflation into minimal inflation. Also, the government has placed bonus offers also such as extensions to official holidays and strong government spending to fuel consumer spending. Nevertheless, to reign in the risk of high inflation, the government has capped increases in utility costs and limiting lending by state banks.Due to globalization, the Chinese government has also increased confidence in the economy through its macroeconomic policy. In the past few years, fiscal policy has resulted in strong government spending underpinned by massive bond sales to boost the economy, helping to sustain GDP growth averaging 9% (Nolan, 2004). As a result of joining the world trade organization in 2001, China had gained a more vast export market, leading to upswings in the primary sector of 2. 9% and the tertiary sector at 7. 5% and the boom in secondary sector at 9. 9% increasing year-on-year gaining US$640. 9 billion in 2003 alone (Amsden, 2004). The Chinese Yuan is pegged by the reserve bank of China to the US dollar of 8. 3 Yuan, thus, increasing the competitiveness of domestic export-oriented industries allowing an expansionary effect upon the domestic economy(Amsden, 2004). WTO membership, however, has provided China with globalizing stability, gaining extra resources, accessing to; world technology, market information, global production and distribution ne tworks, and also reduced disruptions to trade by reducing unpredictable policy shifts and promoting stability in China's external economic relationships.Moreover, it is reinforcing growth of the rapidly globalizing Chinese economy, increasing FDI into exports and domestic production; upgrading management skills and technology. All these factors have made the globalizing Chinese economy the most attractive location for foreign companies to base their operations. Its vast pool of low cost-labor and the country's 1. 3 billion consumers for every conceivable product and service. And with a low tax rate for export-oriented industries in some cases of mere 10%, has continued to attract a disproportionate share of FDI coming into Asia (Amsden, 2004).China has gained a growth over US$52 billion of FDI between 1999 and 2003 at the expense of its South-East Asian neighbors and the ‘Asian Tiger' economies of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea and even Japan with a decrease over the 4 years of US$4 7 billion dollars (Amsden, 2004). Increasing foreign direct investment (US$52. 7billion) of 10% year-on-year from globalization has allowed the Chinese economy to develop a variety of export-oriented industries, sucking in imports and dictating global prices of everything from steel to microchips.Around the globe, shelves are stacked with low-cost goods churned out by â€Å"the world's workshop. † Today, manufacturing by foreign trans-national corporations (TNCs) amounts to a over 50% of the national economy. TNC's also account for over half of total exports, worth an annual $50 billion dollars (Nolan, 2004). In summation, China has been impacted and has taken full advantage of the opportunities presented by globalization.China's economy has experienced a period of rapid economic growth from the 1980's, surpassing all other world economies. The impacts of this growth have been both positive and negative, with the majority of financial rewards flowing to the top end of the soc ial ladder and the environment suffering greatly. Through continued government involvement and strategic planning, however, it appears that China will continue to develop economically and establish itself as a major international economic player in the future to come. ReferencesAmsden, A. (2004): The Rise of â€Å"The Rest† – Challenges to the West from Late-industrialising Economies, Oxford: New York. Dess, G. G. (2012). Strategic management: creating competitive advantages  (6th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Mohr, A. (2013). The Effects of Economic Globalization on Developing Countries. Retrieved February 23, 2013, from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/effects-economic-globalization-developing-countries-3906. html Nolan, P. (2004): Transforming China: globalization, transition and development. London: Anthem.

Marijuana, Satins Advocate essays

Marijuana, Satins Advocate essays The dispute of whether or not marijuana should be legal is not a new one. It is a topic that has been discussed and debated about for decades, but has not yet been resolved. The main three points of concern are the effects of the drug on an individual, society, and the medicinal value. I am against the legalization of marijuana for the purpose of recreational and medicinal use. The opposing side, believes that it would be all right for marijuana to be legal for both recreational and medical consumption. Through intense research, it would be safe to say that marijuana use poses detrimental affects to an individuals health through recreational use, masquerades our society with threatening drivers under the influence, and shortens the lives of patients through medicinal use. Hens, marijuana should not be legalized period. First and foremost, marijuana is hazardous to a person's health in numerous ways. Marijuana can drastically affect the immune system. Animal studies have found that THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, can damage the bodys self defense cells and tissues that help protect people from diseases. When the immune system is weakened, the human body is prone to get sick. The consumption of marijuana can have detrimental effects on the lungs and its airways as well. Marijuana smoke in the lungs will kill cilia. Cilia move mucous, dirt and other particles out of the lungs. Also heavy usage will decrease the lungs defense against bacterial and fungal infections. The herb is also known to contain even more cancer-causing chemicals that are found in tobacco smoke. Studies have shown that a person that smokes five joints a day will be consuming the same amount of cancer causing chemicals as someone that smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. Long-term users may then become diagnosed wi th asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, or even lung cancer (marijuanaaddiction.inf...

Marijuana a new medicine essays

Marijuana a new medicine essays In society today, there are many serious diseases that plague nations all across the world. Diseases like Glaucoma, Epilepsy, Parkinsons disease, and migraine headaches. What do all of these serious illnesses have in common? Every one of theses sicknesses can be cured or helped by the use of Marijuana. Throughout this paper I will discuss the positive aspects of Marijuana and the negative aspects. This issue has been raising a lot of eyebrows ever since scientific evidence has been provided that links Marijuana to the cure and decrease of certain illnesses. The main reason that Marijuana has been looked down upon by so many people for so long is because many individuals abuse the drug. An obvious setback to legalizing marijuana for medicinal uses is that the number of people that abuse the drug will undoubtedly increase. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world, and there is an estimated 67 million people affected by this disease in the world today (National Academy of Sciences.) Effective treatment for glaucoma involves pharmaceutical agents or surgical procedures that prevent progressive optic nerve damage. For surgery to be an effective way of therapy, a drug or surgical procedure that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) must do so without causing more damage to the eye. Marijuana can reduce IOP when administrated orally, or by inhalation (Marijuana and Medicine.). Marijuana is a natural way to slow down the progression of glaucoma. Marijuana should be legalized in all states just for the main purpose of helping those who are infected with the serious disease of Glaucoma. Sixty percent of people who are affected by epilepsy can benefit from Marijuana. To this day it is still considered to be the best medication for many types of epilepsy and for most victims that have epileptic seizures. The use of Marijuana for epilepsy is not fully understood yet. Scientist don ...

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

Statue of Zeus at Olympia The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a 40-foot-high, ivory and gold, seated statue of the god Zeus, king of all the Greek gods. Located in the sanctuary of Olympia on the Greek Peloponnese Peninsula, the Statue of Zeus stood proudly for over 800 years, overseeing the ancient Olympic Games and being acclaimed as one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World. The Sanctuary of Olympia Olympia, located near the town of Elis, was not a city and it had no population, that is, except for the priests that took care of the temple. Instead, Olympia was a sanctuary, a place where members of the warring Greek factions could come and be protected. It was a place for them to worship. It was also the place of the ancient Olympic Games. The first ancient Olympic Games was held in 776 BCE. This was an important event in the history of the ancient Greeks, and its date as well as the foot-race winner, Coroebus of Elis was a basic fact known by all. These Olympic Games and all that came after them, occurred in the area known as the Stadion, or stadium, in Olympia. Gradually, this stadium became more elaborate as the centuries passed by. So did the temples located in the nearby Altis, which was a sacred grove. Around 600 BCE, a beautiful temple was built to both Hera and Zeus. Hera, who was both the goddess of marriage and the wife of Zeus, was seated, while a statue of Zeus stood behind her. It was here that the Olympic torch was lit in ancient times and it is also here that the modern Olympic torch is lit. In 470 BCE, 130 years after the Temple of Hera was built, work began on a new temple, which was to become famous around the world for its beauty and wonder. The New Temple of Zeus After the people of Elis won the Triphylian war, they used their spoils of war to build a new, more elaborate temple at Olympia. Construction on this temple, which would be dedicated to Zeus, began around 470 BCE and was done by 456 BCE. It was designed by Libon of Elis and centered in the middle of the Altis. The Temple of Zeus, considered a prime example of Doric architecture, was a rectangular building, built upon a platform, and oriented east-west. On each of its long sides were 13 columns and its shorter sides held six columns each. These columns, made of local limestone and covered with white plaster, held up a roof made of white marble. The exterior of the Temple of Zeus was elaborately decorated, with sculpted scenes from Greek mythology on the pediments. The scene over the entrance of the temple, on the east side, depicted a chariot scene from the story of Pelops and Oenomaus. The western pediment depicted a battle between the Lapiths and the Centaurs. The inside of the Temple of Zeus was much different. As with other Greek temples, the interior was simple, streamlined, and meant to showcase the statue of the god. In this case, the statue of Zeus was so spectacular that it was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia Inside the Temple of Zeus sat a 40-foot-tall statue of the king of all Greek gods, Zeus. This masterpiece was designed by the famous sculptor Phidius, who had previously designed the large statue of Athena for the Parthenon. Unfortunately, the Statue of Zeus no longer exists and so we rely on the description of it left us by second century CE geographer Pausanias. According to Pausanias, the famous statue portrayed a bearded Zeus sitting upon a royal throne, holding a figure of Nike, the winged goddess of victory, in his right hand and a scepter topped with an eagle in his left hand. The entire seated statue rested upon a three-foot-high pedestal. It was not the size that made the Statue of Zeus unequaled, although it was definitely large, it was its beauty. The entire statue was made from rare materials. Zeus’s skin was made out of ivory and his robe was made up of plates of gold that were intricately decorated with animals and flowers. The throne was also made of ivory, precious stones, and ebony. The regal, godlike Zeus must have been amazing to behold. What Happened to Phidius and the Statue of Zeus? Phidius, the designer of the Statue of Zeus, fell out of favor after he finished his masterpiece. He was soon jailed for the offense of placing his own and his friend Pericles’ images within the Parthenon. Whether these charges were true or trumped up by political disfavor is unknown. What is known is that this master sculptor died in prison while waiting for trial. Phidius’ Statue of Zeus fared much better than its creator, at least for 800 years. For centuries, the Statue of Zeus was carefully cared for oiled regularly to avoid damage done by the humid temperatures of Olympia. It remained a focal point of the Greek world and oversaw hundreds of Olympic Games that occurred next to it. However, in 393 CE, Christian Emperor Theodosius I banned the Olympic Games. Three rulers later, in the early fifth century CE, Emperor Theodosius II ordered the Statue of Zeus destroyed and it was set on fire. Earthquakes destroyed the rest of it. There have been excavations done in Olympia that have not only revealed the base of the Temple of Zeus, but the workshop of Phidius, including a cup that once belonged to him.

Evaluation of SunTrust Bank Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evaluation of SunTrust Bank - Case Study Example This may be attributed to negative financial drivers in the market such as adverse economic cycles leading to lower Returns on equity. However, it can be scrutinized that Returns on Equity were higher in 2011 as compared to 2010. This is a positive indication that the management was performing considerably well. The positive drivers for higher returns on equity could be attributed to the ability of the company to employ investor’s capital to make more returns. The risk analysis section indicates that the ability of the company to set off short term debt was compromised in 2011 by higher loans commitments and subsequent losses. However, the total real estate loans to equity ratio were substantially lower in 2011 than all the previous years. This indicates that the company strength to offset long-term debts has been increasing progressively. Additionally, the liquidity ratio for the year 2011 was 8.11%, while in 2010 the ratio stands at 2.61%. This means that the position Unit T rusty Company to offset shorter debts was substantially higher in 2011 than in 2010. Connectively, the total risk based on capital was substantially higher in 2011 as compared to the rest of the periods. ... he financial statements of Sun Trust Bank reported a total asset of one hundred and seventy three million dollars as at 31st December 2012(SunTrust Para-1). Additionally, the company was reported to be one of the leading holding companies with numerous subsidiaries in different parts of the world (SunTrust Para-2). In above connection, the company had one thousand, six hundred retail subsidiaries located in Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia to name just but a few (SunTrust Para-4). The company provides variety of services to its clients, some of the services provided include: brokerage, investiment management, insurance and banking such online are banking (SunTrust Para-4). Therefore, this report aims to provide comprehensive analysis of Sun Trust Bank financial ratios in order to determine its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The report will take into consideration the most current ratios for 2011 and compares them with those of the previous year’s ie2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. An Evaluation of the bank’s Profitability Below is a small table indicating profitability ratios for the five periods Years December 2006 December 2008 December 2009 December 2010 December 2011 Profitability Ratios(ROE) 11.30% 4.98% -8.41% -0.18% 3.30% Profitability Ratios(ROA) 1.19% 0.57% -0.93% 0.02% 0.85% Net Interest Margin 3.03% 3.21% 3.03% 3.39% 3.54% Efficiency Ratios 55.81% 65.64% 80.29% 69% 69.15% Source: Author Profitability ratio Analysis Based on the figures above be scrutinized that the returns on equity ratio for 2006 and 2008 were 11.30% and 4.98% higher than in 2011 which stand at 3.30%. This indicates that in 2006 and 2008, equity stock holders of Unit Trust Company were able to obtain higher returns on the investment than in

Social Studies Native Amercian Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Studies Native Amercian Group - Essay Example They therefore had to migrate to regions where food was in plenty and follow migrating animals too. Climatic changes affected how communities lived and built houses in the past, and the main purpose of shelter was to get cover from harsh weather and wild animals. Winter created the need for Iroquoians to build longhouses, which were houses that had greater length than width, had no window and hosted around 30 – 60 people depending on their size. Each family had their section in the longhouse. They used wood from woodlands and elm bark to build these houses. The Algonquians also built longhouses during winter, although they also built the lighter wigwams during the warm seasons. The Iroquoians main source of food was agricultural products. They grew and ate corn and vegetables, although they also hunted animals, for example deer, and also fished in the nearby lakes and rivers. Examples of water animals they went for are the eels. Contrary to them, the Algonquians were mostly hunters and gatherers, hunting mostly the white tailed deer during winter. In summer, when the lakes were no longer frozen, they would fish for food and also kill seals for meat. They left their inland settlements during spring and built others at ocean fronts, depending on sea food and also gathering some fruits and wild vegetables (Hirschfelder, 2000). The two tribes used bows and arrows to hunt animals, although the Algonquians also used techniques such as traps and snares on small animals. Meat was eaten communally, cooked by either men or women depending on the time and occasion. Skins and fur were the main raw materials for making clothes among the Iroquoians, and these were sewn together using needles made from animal bones. Deerskin was a favorite and could be sewn into leggings and tunics. Shells and porcupine quills were dyed and used to decorate the clothes. They wove mats and baskets from tree barks and used clay for cooking

The health systems of Canada and Australia Essay

The health systems of Canada and Australia - Essay Example On the other hand, private healthcare system is majorly financed through private health insurance programs or out of pocket payments by the patients. The healthcare system in Canada is provided through the public funded system. The publicly funded health system is basically free during the point of use, and provides services mostly through the private entities. The Canadian health system is controlled through the 1984 Canadian Health Act. The Canadian government applies the federal standards in determining the healthcare quality. The health information of the patients is not accessed by the government; this ensures the confidentiality between the patient and the physician. The Medicare systems that are managed provincially in Canada have proved to be cost effective, due to the simplicity in the administration process. In every province, the physician presents the insurance claim on the provincial insurer. The patient is usually not directly involved in the healthcare billing and also the processes of reclamation. The proportion of the expenditure for private health institutions is approximately 30% (Warren, 2008). The Canadian Health Act is not supposed to cater for the cost of; prescription drugs, dental care, prescription glasses, long term care and homecare. This implies that patients cater for these health expenses through cash payments or private insurance. However, the provinces cater for partial costs of the health services not covered from the health act, for the vulnerable members of the society like children and elderly citizens. Competitive practices such as advertising are controlled. This ensures the maximization of revenues that are used directly in the healthcare. The health costs are generally catered for by the income tax funding. The Canada Health Act does not allow user fees; however, some doctors charge the yearly fees for the non-essential services such as doctors’ notes and prescription

Service Operations Management for Aviation Essay

Service Operations Management for Aviation - Essay Example Virgin Atlantic services desing is based around mass customization of customer service where the needs of customer and expectation are meet. This is achieved through having different services for different customers so that the customer can choose the kind of service they intent to have. In this case, the customers can choose to fly in one of the three classes which include the business, economy and the upper class. The service design in virgin is also created around the standardisation of the service. This is achieved through the training of staff in order to have a standard of service as they face the customers. This attitude towards service design is both advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage is the fact that the members of staff are more likely to make any mistakes as they relate the customers (Woods, Hebron & Bradley, 2001). However, as Khosrowpour (2006) argues, when the service is standardised, the staff know exactly what to do and when to do it and this helps in ma king sure that the staff are not likely to do something that may harm the brand of the firm. At the same time, it helps the customers to know what to expect and this reduces the number of inconveniences. There are negatives however, and these include the fact that such a service may seem to be too robotic for the customers (Barlow, 2003). In fact, customers in many cases have complained due to this kind of service where the service members of staff are not able to act spontaneously when dealing with the customers but instead follow too strict procedures. This affects the quality of service especially for customers who would prefer to have a less formal and less robotized customer service. Virgin Atlantic operates in some of the markets where customers demand the best service. One of these markets is he American and European market where customer service quality is highly demanded. Apart from the fact that customers from these two markets demand he best customer service, the market i s also a high competition market, with so many airlines operating in the market (Heracleous, 2008). This competition means that the firms in the market have to be innovative in order to give the customers the best quality service while at the same time reducing costs (Truxal, 2013). This is a challenge for businesses like Virgin Atlantic because there delivering high quality leads to higher costs. Other issues of irregular demand are also important in affecting the way the firm is able to delver high quality services. Like many airlines, the firm has found a way to increase its customer base by increasing customer experience. This is done across the three flight classes. Virgin Atlantic has a department for service design that is dedicated to designing service models which will help the firm in giving the customer the best service. The department is given the mandate to design customer service experience with regard to the cabin crew and other staff who meet the customer face to fac e. It is also mandated with helping the firm to design internal systems in order to give the customer the best feel while flying. This department, in particular is mandated to achieve the following; Pre-flight customer experience design This includes the booking systems, check in systems, and customer service at the airport. Like many airlines, Virgin Atlantic has tied as much as possible to make flight booking easy and to make the check in process easy. This has also been aided by the fact that

Personnel Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Personnel Management - Case Study Example It is the human capital that drives the organizations' performance, hence playing a key role in all transformation efforts. In ACME Engineering knowledge management is managed by ensuring that people are left to enjoy what they do this is demonstrated the value attached to the people and the underlying principle of treating workers as a critical part of the organization. ACME Engineering embraces a multicultural approach, which easily deals with any emerging cross-cultural barriers. As long as workers are assigned the duties which allow them to practice their skills they will feel utilized well and do not stand a chance of moving out of the organization, say, in search of greener pastures. The fact that ACME encourages a relaxed work pace with the training which goes on in ACME, workers add to their existing knowledge, it leaves in them a sense of development and growth. In ACME a culture of belon... want to make decisions aimed at maintaining and managing the best talent at all costs for an organization can not afford the costs which come with high job turn over. Therefore strategic human resource management maximizes an organizations performance through the following: Strategic Planning. This involves implementation processes, which link the long-term goals of the organization with practical action plans. This results into activities and initiatives which aim at guiding the organization's growth. ACME as a company has gone out of the way in linking long-term goals through recruiting the majority of its workforce within the age group of 25-30 years. ACME encourages workers to see the opportunities ahead for such exist in the organization and they are made aware that they are the beneficiaries. These have a positive strategic role to play in the organization. When other organizations who recruited at the same time as ACME will be sending workers home through retirement, ACME will still be enjoying the fruits of its strategic planning because it may keep it's most experienced workforce say for as many as six or so extra years due to the age of its initial batch of recruits. Workforce Planning.Human resource managers must address the ever-changing workforce requirements. To achieve this goal, models should be developed bearing in mind the unique needs of each organization. As an organization, ACME has its own unique challenges but its version of strategic human resource management seems to be working well for it. How else do you explain its unique grading and appraising system whereby employees can raise even in the same job group to an extent of getting an extra 40% pay rise The fact that the organization encourages an open communication policy is a

Stakeholders and the regulatory authorities are considered to be Essay

Stakeholders and the regulatory authorities are considered to be significant mechanism for ensuring good corporate governence - Essay Example Corporate governance system of any region helps in protecting the organization before the occurrence of any huge disaster. Many mechanism can be found supporting the development and implementation of corporate governance system; however, regulatory and stakeholders are those significant mechanisms that act as backbone of the structure of CG system1. The reason behind such an important presence of corporate governance is its wide coverage of the areas that does not only include stakeholder interests and shareholder recognition but ethical behaviors of the organizations are also given much priority. Therefore, under the light of a statement â€Å"Stakeholders and the regulatory authorities are considered to be significant mechanism for ensuring good corporate governance†2 paper runs its aim to analyze situation. The global financial crises are also the main concern of the paper that is being diagnosed as a drastic consequence of corporate governance failure3. ... As adaptation of corporate governance is as important as initial business plan of a company; therefore, paper can also be found suggesting proper adaptation and implementation of corporate governance plans, as sit keeps the organizations to run within systematic and defined standards. The legal initiatives taken in the favor of corporate governance are also being investigated where role of some private sector organization is also studied. All the arguments are supported by the authentic evidences, where two major global economies of US and UK can be observed being dealt with special consideration. Role of stakeholder mechanism and role of regulatory mechanism in corporate governance are also analyzed along with locating the lacking elements in the system if any. After investigating through the issue, some of the recommendations are also presented that might be helpful for the betterment of CG structure in different regions4. 2. Corporate Governance Corporate governance is the broad p henomenon that represents a system, which serves in directing and controlling the companies. There are many mechanisms that have been serving in establishing good corporate governance. An appropriate implementation of corporate governance demands the market and regulatory mechanisms, along with the maintenance of the relationship between the management of the organization. By considering recent common scenario in business organizations, shareholders of an organization operate as a major external stakeholder groups. However, in these organizations internal stakeholders are their employees, board of directors and executives. The operations related to corporate governance include

Personnel Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Personnel Management - Case Study Example It is the human capital that drives the organizations' performance, hence playing a key role in all transformation efforts. In ACME Engineering knowledge management is managed by ensuring that people are left to enjoy what they do this is demonstrated the value attached to the people and the underlying principle of treating workers as a critical part of the organization. ACME Engineering embraces a multicultural approach, which easily deals with any emerging cross-cultural barriers. As long as workers are assigned the duties which allow them to practice their skills they will feel utilized well and do not stand a chance of moving out of the organization, say, in search of greener pastures. The fact that ACME encourages a relaxed work pace with the training which goes on in ACME, workers add to their existing knowledge, it leaves in them a sense of development and growth. In ACME a culture of belon... want to make decisions aimed at maintaining and managing the best talent at all costs for an organization can not afford the costs which come with high job turn over. Therefore strategic human resource management maximizes an organizations performance through the following: Strategic Planning. This involves implementation processes, which link the long-term goals of the organization with practical action plans. This results into activities and initiatives which aim at guiding the organization's growth. ACME as a company has gone out of the way in linking long-term goals through recruiting the majority of its workforce within the age group of 25-30 years. ACME encourages workers to see the opportunities ahead for such exist in the organization and they are made aware that they are the beneficiaries. These have a positive strategic role to play in the organization. When other organizations who recruited at the same time as ACME will be sending workers home through retirement, ACME will still be enjoying the fruits of its strategic planning because it may keep it's most experienced workforce say for as many as six or so extra years due to the age of its initial batch of recruits. Workforce Planning.Human resource managers must address the ever-changing workforce requirements. To achieve this goal, models should be developed bearing in mind the unique needs of each organization. As an organization, ACME has its own unique challenges but its version of strategic human resource management seems to be working well for it. How else do you explain its unique grading and appraising system whereby employees can raise even in the same job group to an extent of getting an extra 40% pay rise The fact that the organization encourages an open communication policy is a

Fidel Castro’s revolution Essay Example for Free

Fidel Castro’s revolution Essay In the creation of Fidel Castro’s revolution, the promise to the Cuban people is this – under a regime that is led by the people, not Batista and his cronies, there shall soon be enough work, the sugar plantations shall be redistributed to the lowly campesinos, the American agro-industrial complexes shall be dismantled and nationalized, and education and healthcare shall soon be a reality in many parts of Cuba. Moreover, workers in the large enterprises shall be given thirty-percent of the profits, and peasants whose lands they tilled were not subject to redistribution shall be granted fifty-five percent of the sugar production. Lastly, all ill-gotten wealth by previous regimes shall be confiscated, including those presently owned by heirs and legatees of discredited rulers of former regimes. While the Cuban Revolution has indeed been able to achieve racial democracy in many years of its existence by providing socio-economic and political opportunities to all Cubans regardless of color, by the time the Revolution entered its ‘Special Period’ to cope with the collapse of the Soviet Union, there exists a creeping reversion to the years of racial prejudice against blacks prior to the 1959 triumph of the revolution. This renewed prejudice is created by the protracted economic crisis since the 1990s and the measures of the Cuban government in allowing Western-driven tourism to take root in places like Havana. As black Cubans are precluded from having free access to employment opportunities in the tourist centers, many blacks then subscribe to criminal activities and subsequently cracked down by security forces through unwarranted searches and a general profiling as being involved in criminal activities. Thereafter, a cultural construct by the white Cuban population is created –a throwback to the racial prejudice against black Cubans prior to the Revolution. On the other hand, Portrait of Teresa shows the contradictions in Teresa between the stated aims of the Cuban Revolution for gender equality and the reality of her domestic situation, in which the husband remains king of the household despite the greater opportunities given by the Revolution to women for greater self-expression, employment access, among others. Nonetheless, only time and the Cuban people will tell whether these rising inequalities may soon be addressed and rectified by the proud and mighty Cuban people. It is not for Fidel or Raul to determine such, only the people, by their struggle, can. References: 1. Castro, Fidel. â€Å"History Will Absolve Me† 1953. 2. De La Fuente, Alejandro. â€Å"Cuba’s Racial Democracy: What Now? †. 3. Vega, Pastor. Portrait of Teresa 1979.

Digitalization Evolution Of Digital Music Media Essay

Digitalization Evolution Of Digital Music Media Essay Digitization is defined as the representation of sound, image, object document or signal (usually an analog signal) by a discrete set of its points or samples. The result of this process is a digital format of whatever is being digitized. More specifically digitization is detaining an analog signal in a digital form. Evolution of Digital music Digital music production became famous few decades back. It was prompted because of less user friendly nature of analog music arrangement. Analog recordings had many pros like while recording analog saturation was introduced also during mastering and mixing processes and also helped to smooth the results of audio tracks but still the cons of analog recording was that it was very time consuming and there was fear of tapes being scratched or damaged as they were in physical form (Battino Richards, 2005). Digital music making was started in 1960s but the starting was not that great because the recordings sounded poor compared with analog and that was because the sampling rate they used was of low quality. It was not until 1978 when the optical readings were introduced which enhanced the quality of digital music and so the demand of digital music grew. In 1983 digital music was formally launched with compact discs and CD player which yielded fruitful returns and became very famous in the short time (Cohen Rosenzweig, 2008). The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the launch of recordable CDs which significantly dropped the price of CD players and CDs themselves and also created a new market for themselves and attracted many investors towards its creation. The demand for recordable CDs was high due to the fact that people could now not only buy music but also record it themselves and thus could have a bunch of their favorite songs in one CD. DVD technology was also the next invention and he nce digital music gained its strength and left analog music far behind. Then came the portable digital players in the late 1990s, with Sony launching digital player and Apple launching their iPods and then kept on giving new versions of their products. Hard disks becoming cheaper and introduction of flash drives has made the life easier for music lovers and hence with more space and portable drives digital music has gained its recognition worldwide (Earnshaw Vince, 2008). External portable hard drives have increased the amount of downloading from internet to increase by million times and hence now people can get their favorite song in their requested quality any time from internet. Implications Impact of Digitalization of Music Digital technology is embossed in music industry these days and is an essential part of it. Technology has done wonders in to every industry it has stepped in and has changed the whole structure of it and similar is the case with the music industry. The music which was hardly available in far flung rural areas is now available to them in just one click. It has changed the performances of singers; target market has changed from a few listeners to every music lover in the world (Colson Throp, 2010). It has made production more affordable and reliable and even more profitable. Advertising and promotion for music has become cheaper and approachable to masses through digital media and hence communicating your music to people has become easier. This revolution of digital technology advancement has, is and will keep on impacting the music industry. Some implications of digitization of music are: Recording Before the advent Digital Audio Workstation, all the stuff which can be done through computer i-e; mixing, mastering and sound adjustment required separate set of hardware devices to handle all this stuff and hence made the life of a musician hectic and troublesome. The hardware required now days is just a microphone and mixing board attached with a computer and the remaining activities like mixing, mastering sound adjustments etc can be handled through computer and the music can be fine tuned more easily then before. Computers allow the musician to recreate the studio environment with a minimum of additional hardware because mostly and this allows them to produce a high quality output, thus making the musicians studio more portable and easy to handle. Performance Musicians have been given a new way to perform on the stage, in the crowd in fact anywhere they want as they can carry their portable studio with them. Medleys can be made within no time with the help of software and Laptop computers and other portable forms of technology can bring a list of endless possibilities of performances that can be executed on a stage (Burkart McCourt, 2006). Real time effects can be added in performances by attaching guitars, keyboards and drums to computers and hence it makes live performances more attractive as musicians can perform on audience request at real time. DJs doesnt carry huge bucket of tapes to nightclubs because single simulation platform makes its possible for them to control the digital music in an exact same manner as they do with recorded music. Concerts can be filled with lighting and effects and also with real time changes in tones etc of the songs to make it more energetic and entertaining for youth. Selling and Distribution Evolution of internet has changed the whole scenario all-together in the music industry as it has opened a new medium to launch the music and access customers from all over the world. A song which took months to come to the market and then to final customers can now be uploaded on internet and can be sold immediately after it has been completed and is available to everyone in the world. Advertising or promotion has unlimited possibilities due to these social networks such as Facebook, Orkut, twitter etc. A musician can launch his promotion campaign on any of these networks and get recognized throughout the world and without paying expensive costs for that. Internet branding of music and selling has caused the musicians to save money and time as it was very hard work to make a physical copy of music and sell it to people in markets. MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) is a most common way to create never-ending collection of music through digital signals. MIDI controllers are usually build inside the keyboards but they can also be seen as simulated woodwinds, MIDI processing centers and velocity-sensitive drum pads (Battino Richards, 2005). MIDI keyboardist can create any sort of music of his liking using any instrument conceivable. Collaboration Musicians from all over the world can come on one platform with the help of internet and can discuss their new concepts with each other. This is the reason why we are seeing so many new songs which features multiple singing sensations; an example is the song I love the way you lie which features to singers who Akon and Rihanna and there are many other examples available. Rapid share file sharing has made it easy to transfer files to each other so musicians take benefit of facilities like these and collaborate to create a new sensational music which will rock the world. There are online music creation websites available too on which musicians from all over the world can come and collaborate without being physically present at one place and create music (Patrick McCourt, 2006). Contentious Issues and the Affect of Digitizing Music There are always both sides of technological change. Music industry has faced some real issues after the digitalization of music has taken place and these are: Pirate Websites Pirated websites allows the user to download songs for free and hence people dont really have to pay for the music they get to hear. This has created huge losses for musicians etc. Intermediaries Another problem which is faced by musicians is that the intermediaries which help users to locate free MP3 songs websites and etc. File sharing websites Websites like RapidShare, 4shared etc allow users to upload file and hence they can upload songs of their liking and people can download them without having to pay for them. The patents, illegal duplication of original songs and pirated websites are the biggest problems which are unresolved till date and hence they should be dealt with some reforms worldwide which will stop piracy of original music. Despite all these problems being faced by music creators, digitization of music has affected almost every music lover from musicians to listeners; it has opened new market for music and has led the music industry to globalization (Earnshaw Vince, 2008).

Andy Warhol Essay -- essays research papers fc

The first superstar of American art, Andy Warhol was obsessed with fame, glamour, and money. He is best known for his images of stars and celebrities and for his reproductions of symbols of the American society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Andrew Warhola’s (he later dropped the â€Å"a†) birth date is uncertain, Andy said himself that his birth certificate had been forged and June 6, 1928 became the date taken as his birthday. Others say he was born December 6, 1930 and then others say it was August 6, 1928. Andy was very mysterious about his private life and was said to be in another world most of the time. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His parents, Ondrej and Julia Warhola were working-class immigrants from Eastern Europe, his father worked in the coal mines. Andy was the second of three sons. He showed an early talent for art, and from the age of nine, he took drawing classes. When Andy was fourteen, his father died from drinking poisoned water. From that day on Julia Warhola and her boys would be part of a struggle with poverty. In 1945, Warhol left school, and went to study art and graphic design at the Carnegie Institute of Technology and within a year he moved to New York, to expand his career. Soon after his move Andy found work as a magazine illustrator, producing shoe designs for â€Å"Glamour† (the women’s fashion magazine) He produced designs for such movie stars as, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Mae West, and Julie Andrews. In the credit line the last â€Å"a† was dropped from W...

Essay --

According to the Reuters one method that was created by the government to counter smartphone addiction is called â€Å"A horse riding therapy programme†.This programme is getting its results.One person whose surname is Kim has addicted to smart phone.She gave an interview to the television programme.She said(14 years old girl) that she had used to sit and chut with her smartphone for seven hours a day,even overnight if her mother had gone on a trip.Her(Kim’s)mother attempted a different kind of therapy like music, art to daughter’s smartphone addiction.When all of these therapy was not worked,the government suggested to create a new kind of therapy, which is called the†Riding Healing Center†,a therapy organisation that uses horse-riding to treat behavioral and emotional disorders. Kim told that she had cared about horses and thought about how she could ride them better, which helped to her to lose interset in smartphones and the internet.She has had a different kind of professional counseling at the centre like art, music but Kim(14 years old girl) believes riding horses help most.Yoosook Joung(Doctor of child psychiatry at Samsung Medical Centre) told that horse-riding was a very fun activity, but it was not just a simple physical activity but involved a living thing, the horse-riding was a new experience, which had combined physical activity with an emotional connection wi th a horse, so the horse riding had helped to prevent or overcome smart phone and internet addiction."Yoon Ga-eun(A riding instructor at the center) told that a horse was an animal that anyone could easily make emotional connection to. " The Korean Riding Association has two therapy centres and about 50 people a day go through its programmes to treat a range o... ...latonin, our natural sleep chemical, so our bodies do not register that we are tired. If you sleep with your phone right next to your bed, any late-night texts or alerts will disrupt your sleep patterns, even if you do not fully wake up to respond.Finally, tell your relatives and friends that if it is an emergency or if they really want to contact you, they should make an actual phone call instead of a text.And try to keep your phone hidden during social activities. Focus on the conversation. Take a mental picture instead of an Instagram shot, or write down a tweet idea on a piece of paper and save it for later. Initiate eye contact instead of screen contact. Whether we realize it or not, we are not as great at multitasking as we think we are. So if you are going to spend time with friends, spend time with them, not waste so much time to chat with your smart phone.

Theodore Roosevelt And the Rise of America to World Power

Theodore Roosevelt And the Rise of America to World Power Howard K. Beale Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power was published by John Hopkins University Press in 1956. Beale's books emphasized and interpreted economic factors during the Reconstruction Era. His scholarly works gained the term â€Å"the Beale Thesis†, which was based upon Beale's theory that Reconstruction was the effort of big business to seek control over the federal government for their own gain by eliminating agrarian competition.Among having published several books, Beale also edited the diaries of Edward Bates and Gideon Welles, both of Lincoln's cabinet, nd edited a work of scholarly essays by leading historians. Beale was a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin. Beale's book, â€Å"Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power† covers the major developments, policies, and actions by which the â€Å"Imperialists† helped guide America into world p ower. It gives insight into the role Roosevelt played in the policies at the turn of the century.Beale gives detail into Roosevelt's personal diplomacy, his feelings for other nations, and why he believed it was appropriate that America tied itself with England as an â€Å"English- speaking† power. Beale also questions to what extent did Roosevelt and his fellow expansionists influence the course of America? Did the need for American imperialism eventually lead us into danger? During the last decade of the nineteenth century, national loyalties strengthened nations and a struggle for power would become the dominating ambition for industrialized nations.Competition had aroused nations â€Å"to expand their political and economic, perhaps too their cultural, control beyond their national boundaries as far as their energies and opportunities permitted. † (pg 31) This new imperialism was based on industrial rivalry and America ad to choose if she would follow suit. â€Å" The people of America never really consciously decided what they wanted to do. Yet as the obvious trend toward becoming an imperial power in real or potential conflict with other empires emerged, many Americans foresaw dangers and opposed steps that were leading us into imperialism. (pg 33) Theodore Roosevelt came into presidency with a firm belief that America needed to expand its power abroad and that we should stand ready to defend our interests. Even before he became president, Roosevelt and his fellow expansionists already had an influence in foreign policy. Roosevelt had an affinity for war history since he was a youth so it was only natural to him to believe a big part of America's power came from it's navy. In 1897, Roosevelt, with the help of his friends, became the Assistant Secretary of Navvy under President McKinley.He used his office to promote building a stronger, bigger naw fleet. Roosevelt was known to glorify war, as he â€Å"believed only in â€Å"Just wars†, but then any war America fought would be just. † (pg 40) Fearing the danger Spain posed to Cuba, Roosevelt supported America's involvement in war against Spain. Roosevelt tried to appeal war to McKinley, but ailed. â€Å"The best Roosevelt could do was prepare the Navvy for war. † (pg 68) One day while Secretary Long was out for a few hours, Roosevelt, standing in as secretary, ordered deliberate acts that he and his friends planned for months.Two months later the Spanish-American War began and Roosevelt abandoned his office to Join in the war. In the campaign of 1900, Roosevelt campaigned for vice president under McKinley. He promoted expansion and asserted the relevance of the Monroe Doctrine. He insisted during his speeches that expansion† was not the same as â€Å"imperialism† because the term turned people off. Roosevelt had convinced himself and others that his was the cause of righteousness. The Spanish-American War brought the U. S. he Philippine s and Roosevelt insisted that extending the rule over the Philippines would bring them civilization. To him this meant that the anti- imperialists who opposed expansion were also opposing civilization. â€Å"Roosevelt seems not to have foreseen the possibility that the spread of civilization through expansion of the rule of â€Å"superior† races over â€Å"backward† ones might someday arouse nationalist aspirations that would threaten that civilization itself. (pg 79) Roosevelt assumed presidency in 1901 after McKinley was assassinated and his first major step as president was establishing Britain as an ally.Roosevelt recognized that common language and way of life established a connection. By attainment of the Anglo- American understanding, â€Å"British and American imperialists were Joined together in an effort to dominate parts of the world they dubbed backwards. Second, Roosevelt and his friends had brought England and America together in an effort to preserve t hrough united action an unstable balance among the nations he considered ivilized. † (pg 157) The establishment of an alliance between America and Britain was also essential to balance the power of a rising Germany.In 1902, Roosevelt prepared to go to war with Germany to prevent any foothold in South America. He asserted use of the Monroe Doctrine. As it became evident that China needed allies, Roosevelt also recognized an economic motive. â€Å"He saw the possibility of America Joining Britain to enforce an open door policy in China. † (pg 163) Although economics was not particularly the main focus driving Roosevelt's vision of expansion, he understood the mportance of commercial interests in the Far East.If America had not attained the upper hand in China, China could have had a closed door policy and wouldn't have secured the benefits of open door. Roosevelt wanted China to have a policy similar to the Monroe Doctrine, and to let China develop on its own. Roosevelt b egan to feel an annoyance with Russia, fearing that the growing trade with China could be interrupted if the issues with Manchuria weren't solved. So in an effort to balance the power and open the doors to Manchuria, Roosevelt supported China in its struggle gainst Russia.As Britain's power began to decline, Russia's power began to rise and Roosevelt saw the imbalance. He knew he had to restore the stability. While Germany still posed a threat, Russia was thought to be the more immediate danger. â€Å"Russian expansion, which had once seemed desirable, no longer meant extending control of a superior over a backward race, but had become an obstacle to the push of another civilizing power. † (pg 231) When the Japanese attacked Russia, Roosevelt was proud. He admired the Japanese people and believed if he supported them they would serve American interests in Japan.While Roosevelt saw the danger in Japan becoming too powerful, the power of Russia in the present outweighed that fe ar. Roosevelt hoped that with a Japanese win, Japan would organize China and together they would become great civilized powers. Roosevelt held part in the negotiation treaty between the two nations. Roosevelt had foreseen the dangers Japan posed, in which ultimately defeated his goal to balance power in the Far East. Roosevelt's concern to balance power led to an interest in Europe. He had thought of the possibility of war if balance ere not maintained.In order to keep from war, Roosevelt tried to bring America and Europe closer together in hopes of removing distrust and threats of war. Roosevelt felt that â€Å"Japan, England, France, Russia, or Germany, his â€Å"civilized powers†, and even the United States, could be as serious threats to each other and to world peace as the backwards people. † (pg 305) In his efforts to prevent war, Roosevelt called the Portsmouth Conference, and in 1905 played a role in the Algeciras Conference. The dispute between Britain, France and Germany had no direct interest to the UnitedStates, but Roosevelt wanted to keep the peace. Roosevelt became an intermediary as to keep Morocco open to American trade, as well as to keep Germany from becoming the dominant power in Europe or to expand into South America. Although Roosevelt wanted to expand America and civilize the inferior races, he knew that â€Å"his countrys interests could be protected only if no power became powerful enough to threaten the rights of other powers. † (pg 382) Roosevelt saw the rivalries between nations and understood the threat too much power posed.Roosevelt was successful in most of is endeavors, Germany was kept out of South America and Japan influenced Korea and China. The open door remained. Roosevelt's uncommon approach to diplomacy gained him much respect among other rulers. The way he personally handled foreign relations with directness put people at ease. His keen sense in foreign policies and almost prophetic insights made The odore Roosevelt one of America's most influential men. As well, his extraordinary diplomatic skills made him one unforgettable man. If Roosevelt had made different choices in foreign policy would todays America be the same? We will never know.